Computer-Mediated Cooperative Learning: Synchronous and Asynchronous
Communication Between Students Learning Nursing Diagnosis.
Ph.D. Thesis. © 1991 Dr. Rob Higgins


Appendix F

SPSS-X Program

COMMENT         SPSS data handling and analysis for R. Higgins thesis
UNNUMBERED
TITLE           HIGGINS THESIS
FILE HANDLE     HIGDAT1/NAME='HIGDAT2.INP'
SET PRINTBACK=NO
SET WIDTH=80
DATA LIST       FILE=HIGDAT1   RECORDS=2  NOTABLE
 /1 CASE 1-3 GRP 4  DYAD 5  PTNR 6-7 TRND 8
 AGE 9-10 SEX 11  EDU 12 PCED 13 CND 14 CACC 15
 UWP 16 UTYP 17 CPUN 18 CPSK 19 WPSK 20 TPSK 21 MRKS 22 YR 23
 FRM 24-25 ARG 26-27 RSP 28-29 OPN 30-31 INF 32-33 QSTI 34-35
 CLR 36-37 MGM 38-39 FCL 40-41 DBL 42-43 PRS 44-45 UNC 46-47 WCNT 48-51
 NDF1 52 NDC1 53 NDF2 54 NDC2 55 NCPF 56 NCPC 57 APC 58 ICA 59 INTEX 60
 SATND 61 WWLL 62 EID 63 PDIF 64 QSTRS 65 PID 66 CFRS 67 POA 68 ICONT 69
 PIMP 70 CEXC 71 PMOT 72 NDST 73 STPS 74 NSTPS 75 WSTPS 76 THNK 77
 BAK 78 AWAY 79 INTNS 80
 /2 PROB 1 TIME 2 KPTNR 3 QSTF 4-5 DYAGE 6-8 DYCND 9 DYCACC 10
 DYEDU 11-12 DYMRKS 13-14 DYCOMEXP 15-16 CMT 17
MISSING VALUES  AGE(99)/SEX,EDU,PCED,CND,CACC,UWP,UTYP,CPUN,CPSK,WPSK,
  TPSK,MRKS,YR(9)/FRM,ARG,RSP,OPN,INF,QSTF,QSTI,CLR,MGM,FCL,DBL,PRS,
  UNC(99)/WCNT(9999)/NDF1,NDC1,NDF2,NDC2,NCPF,NCPC,APC,ICA,INTEX,
  SATND,WWLL,EID,PDIF,QSTRS,PID,CFRS,POA,ICONT,PIMP,CEXC,PMOT,
  NDST,STPS,NSTPS,WSTPS,THNK,BAK,AWAY,INTNS,PROB,TIME,KPTNR(9)
VARIABLE LABELS
     CASE       'CASE NUMBER'
     GRP        'GROUP'
     DYAD       'DYAD WITHIN GROUP'
     PTNR       'PARTNERS CASE ID NUMBER'
     TRND       'RECORD HOLDS TRANSCRIPT INFO FOR THE DYAD'
     AGE        'AGE'
     SEX        'SEX'
     EDU        'HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATION'
     PCED       'COMPUTER COMPONENT OF PREVIOUS EDUCATION'
     CND        'COMPLETION OF COMPUTER-BASED ND LESSON'
     CACC       'ACCESS TO COMPUTER FOR PERSONAL WORK'
     UWP        'USE OF WORDPROCESSOR'
     UTYP       'USE OF TYPEWRITER'
     CPUN       'UNDERSTANDING OF COMPUTERS'
     CPSK       'COMPUTER SKILLS'
     WPSK       'WORDPROCESSING SKILLS'
     TPSK       'TYPING SKILLS'
     MRKS       'MARKS THIS YEAR'
     YR         'YEAR IN THE NURSING PROGRAM'
     FRM        'FORMULATING PROBLEMS'
     ARG        'ARGUING'
     RSP        'RESPONSES IN INTERACTIVE ARGUING'
     OPN        'GIVING AN OPINION'
     INF        'GIVING INFORMATION'
     QSTF       'FACILITATIVE QUESTION'
     QSTI       'ASKING FOR INFORMATION'
     CLR        'CLARIFYING'
     MGM        'MANAGING THE TASK'
     FCL        'FACILITATIVE STATEMENTS'
     DBL        'DEBILITATIVE STATEMENTS'
     PRS        'PERSONAL COMMENTS'
     UNC        'UNCODEABLE'
     WCNT       'WORD COUNT'
     NDF1       'FORM OF NURSING DIAGNOSIS #1'
     NDC1       'CORRECTNESS OF NURSING DIAGNOSIS #1'
     NDF2       'FORM OF NURSING DIAGNOSIS #2'
     NDC2       'CORRECTNESS OF NURSING DIAGNOSIS #2'
     NCPF       'FORM OF NURSING CARE PLANNING'
     NCPC       'CORRECTNESS OF NURSING CARE PLANNING'
     APC        'ADHERENCE TO PRINCIPLES AND CRITERIA'
     ICA        'INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTION TO ADHERENCE'
     INTEX      'MOST INTENSE EXCHANGES DURING THE SESSION'
     SATND      'SATISFIED WITH NURSING DIAGNOSIS'
     WWLL       'WORKED WELL TOGETHER'
     EID        'EASY TO GET IDEAS ACROSS'
     PDIF       'PARTNER HAD DIFFICULTIES WITH COMPUTER'
     QSTRS      'WHOLE THING WAS QUITE STRESSFULL'
     PID        'PARTNER WAS GOOD AT PROVIDING IDEAS'
     CFRS       'COMMUNICATING BY COMPUTER IS FRUSTRATING'
     POA        'WE PLANNED AND ORGANIZED WELL'
     ICONT      'I CONTRIBUTED MORE'
     PIMP       'MY PARTNER HAS A GOOD IMPRESSION OF ME'
     CEXC       'THIS WAS AN EXCITING WAY TO USE THE COMPUTER'
     PMOT       'MY PARTNER WAS A GOOD MOTIVATOR'
     NDST       'OUR NURSING DIAGNOSIS WAS NOT WELL STATED'
     STPS       'STUCK TO THE ND/NCP STEPS'
     NSTPS      'NUMBER OF STEPS RECALLED IN INTERVIEW'
     WSTPS      'WHO THOUGHT OF THE STEPS'
     THNK       'STOPPED TO THINK DURING INTERACTION'
     BAK        'DIFFICULT TO GET BACK INTO IT'
     AWAY       'THOUGHT ABOUT THE CASE BETWEEN SESSIONS'
     INTNS      'WHEN THE INTERACTION WAS MOST INTENSE'
     PROB       'WHAT WAS THE BIGGER PROBLEM'
     TIME       'TIME TO COMPLETE THE TASK'
     KPTNR      'DO YOU KNOW WHO YOUR PARTNER WAS'
     DYAGE      'DYAD AVERAGE AGE'
     DYCND      'DYAD COMPLETION OF COMPUTER-BASED ND LESSON'
     DYCACC     'DYAD ACCESS TO COMPUTER FOR PERSONAL WORK'
     DYEDU      'DYAD AVERAGE LEVEL OF EDUCATION'
     DYMRKS     'DYAD AVERAGE MARKS'
     DYCOMEXP   'DYAD AVERAGE COMPUTER EXPERIENCE'
     CMT        'COMMENT CATEGORY'
VALUE LABELS
  GRP 1 'ASYNCHRONOUS' 2 'SYNCHRONOUS' 3 'FACE TO FACE'/
  SEX 0 'FEMALE' 1 'MALE'/
  TRND CND CACC STPS THNK BAK AWAY KPTNR 0 'NO' 1 'YES'/
  EDU 1 'SOME HIGHSCHOOL' 2 'HIGHSCHOOL DIPLOMA' 3 'SOME COLLEGE'
      4 'COLLEGE DIPLOMA' 5 'SOME UNIVERSITY' 6 'UNIVERSITY DEGREE'
      7 'OTHER'/
  PCED 1 'NOT AT ALL' 2 'MINOR' 3 'REASONABLY' 4 'MAJOR' 5 'CENTRAL'/
  UWP UTYP 1 'NOT AT ALL' 2 'RARELY' 3 'SOMETIMES' 4 'OFTEN' 5 'ALL'/
  CPUN CPSK WPSK TPSK 1 'NONE' 2 'VERY LITTLE' 3 'AVERAGE'
                      4 'BETTER THAN AVERAGE' 5 'EXCELLENT'/
  MRKS 1 'FAILING SOME' 2 'LESS THAN AVERAGE' 3 'AVERAGE'
       4 'ABOVE AVERAGE' 5 'V      4 'ABOVE AVERAGE' 5 'VERY HIGH'/
  YR   1 'FIRST YEAR' 2 'SECOND YEAR'/
  NDF1 NDC1 NDF2 NDC2 NCPF NCPC APC ICA 1 'POOR' 5 'GOOD'/
  INTEX INTNS 1 'BEGINNING' 5 'END'/
  SATND WWLL EID PDIF QSTRS PID CFRS POA ICONT PIMP CEXC PMOT NDST
   5 'STRONGLY AGREE' 4 'AGREE' 3 'NEUTRAL' 2 'DISAGREE'
   1 'STRONGLY DISAGREE'/
  WSTPS 0 'BOTH' 1 'MYSELF' 2 'PARTNER'/
  PROB  0 'NEITHER' 1 'COMPUTER' 2 'ND/NCP' 4 'BOTH'/
  TIME  1 'NOT ENOUGH' 2 'ENOUGH' 3 'MORE THAN ENOUGH'/
  DYCND 0 'NEITHER' 1 'ONE OF THE PAIR' 2 'BOTH'/
  DYCACC 0 'NEITHER' 1 'ONE OF THE PAIR' 2 'BOTH'/
  CMT 1 'FRUSTRATING' 2 'TYPING PROBLEM' 3 'TIME SHORT' 4 'SLOW COMM'
      5 'SYNCH BETTER' 6 'GOOD INTERACTION' 7 'BENEFICIAL'/
COMMENT         *******************
SELECT IF       (GRP EQ 1 OR GRP EQ 2)  /* excludes FTF */
COMMENT         *******************
*               Weighting counts by # of words
*               *******************
COMPUTE         WCAVRG = 1659
COMPUTE         FRM = FRM*WCNT/WCAVRG
COMPUTE         ARG = ARG*WCNT/WCAVRG
COMPUTE         RSP = RSP*WCNT/WCAVRG
COMPUTE         OPN = OPN*WCNT/WCAVRG
COMPUTE         INF = INF*WCNT/WCAVRG
COMPUTE         QSTI = QSTI*WCNT/WCAVRG
COMPUTE         QSTF = QSTF*WCNT/WCAVRG
COMPUTE         CLR = CLR*WCNT/WCAVRG
COMPUTE         MGM = MGM*WCNT/WCAVRG
COMPUTE         FCL = FCL*WCNT/WCAVRG
COMPUTE         DBL = DBL*WCNT/WCAVRG
COMPUTE         PRS = PRS*WCNT/WCAVRG
COMPUTE         UNC = UNC*WCNT/WCAVRG
COMMENT         *******************
*               Dyad averages divided by 10
*               *******************
COMPUTE         DYAGE = DYAGE/10
COMPUTE         DYEDU = DYEDU/10
COMPUTE         DYMRKS = DYMRKS/10
COMPUTE         DYCOMEXP = DYCOMEXP/10
COMMENT         *******************
*               Aggregate counts and ratings
*               *******************
RECODE          CND (0=1) (1=3.5) /* appropriate weights for the */
RECODE          CACC (0=1) (1=3.5)/*  aggregate computes below   */
COMPUTE         COMPEXP = (CND+CACC+PCED+UWP+CPUN+CPSK+WPSK)/7
COMPUTE         TOTCOG = FRM+ARG+OPN+INF+QSTI+CLR+MGM
COMPUTE         TOTCOGR = FRM+RSP+OPN+INF+QSTI+CLR+MGM
COMPUTE         KEYCOG = FRM+ARG+MGM
COMPUTE         KEYCOGR = FRM+RSP+MGM
COMPUTE         ND1 = (NDF1+NDC1)/2
COMPUTE         ND2 = (NDF2+NDC2)/2
COMPUTE         NCP = (NCPF+NCPC)/2
COMPUTE         TOTNDNCP = (NDF1+NDC1+NDF2+NDC2+NCPF+NCPC)/6
COMPUTE         TOTNF = (NDF1+NDF2+NCPF)/3
COMPUTE         TOTNC = (NDC1+NDC2+NCPC)/3
RECODE          CND (1=0) (3.5=1)    /* back to original values */
RECODE          CACC (1=0) (3.5=1)
VARIABLE LABELS
     COMPEXP    'COMPUTER EXPERIENCE'
     TOTCOG     'TOTAL COGNITIVE ACTIVITY'
     TOTCOGR    'TOTAL COGNITIVE ACTIVITY WITH RSP'
     KEYCOG     'KEY COGNITIVE ACTIVITY'
     KEYCOGR    'KEY COGNITIVE ACTIVITY WITH RSP'
     ND1        'QUALITY OF ND #1'
     ND2        'QUALITY OF ND #2'
     NCP        'QUALITY OF NCP'
     TOTNDNCP   'OVERALL QUALITY OF ND/NCP'
     TOTNF      'OVERALL RATING OF FORM'
     TOTNC      'OVERALL RATING OF CORRECTNESS'
COMMENT         *******************
COMMENT      SAMPLE RUN   
COMMENT         *******************
CROSSTABS    GRP BY DYAD,YR,TRND,AGE,SEX,EDU,PCED,CND,CACC,UWP,UTYP,
                 CPUN,CPSK,WPSK,TPSK,MRKS,NDF1,NDC1,NDF2,NDC2,NCPF,
                 NCPC,APC,ICA,INTEX,SATND,WWLL,EID,PDIF,QSTRS,PID,
                 CFRS,POA,ICONT,PIMP,CEXC,PMOT,NDST,STPS,NSTPS,
                 WSTPS,THNK,BAK,AWAY,INTNS,PROB,TIME,KPTNR
   /CELLS=ROW COLUMN EXPECTED
   /STATITICS=CHISQ CC LAMBDA
MEANS       TABLES=FRM,ARG,RSP,OPN,INF,QST,CLR,MGM,FCL,DBL,PRS,UNC,
                   NDF1,NDC1,NDF2,NDC2,NCPF,
                   NCPC,APC,ICA,INTEX,SATND,WWLL,EID,PDIF,QSTRS,PID,
                   CFRS,POA,ICONT,PIMP,CEXC,PMOT,NDST BY GRP
   /STATISTICS
T-TEST          GROUPS=GRP/VARIABLES=FRM,ARG,RSP,OPN,INF,QST,CLR,
                                     MGM,FCL,DBL,PRS,UNC,
                    NDF1,NDC1,NDF2,NDC2,NCPF,
                   NCPC,APC,ICA,INTEX,SATND,WWLL,EID,PDIF,QSTRS,PID,
                   CFRS,POA,ICONT,PIMP,CEXC,PMOT,NDST
FINISH